ARCHITECTURE TRADITIONAL OF MAYBRAT IMIAN SAWIAT PAPUA TRIBE
BY
HAMAH SAGRIM
RESEARCHER FREELANCE AND YOUNG SCIENTIA
INTRODUCTION
Until now publishing a new book in the world of architecture in
No exception to the cultural heritage in the form of traditional architecture that seems so simple and really the difference between the architecture in one region to another.
Who does not know the architecture joglo in Jogja and Solo, architecture sumatera bogonjondo west, architecture tongkonan in Toraja, Meru in bali, honai in papua, and others - others.
Most traditional architecture with the work even Terpanah - western architecture with a label - a label that looks more prestigious: the modern. late modern, new modern, post modern. Only a few architects are interested in researching and publishing books about traditional architecture, or the use of concepts or rules of traditional design in the new architecture. Some famous names are: Romo Mangun (with the monumental work of the church - a church or a place of pilgrimage like Sendang Sono and housing for the poor of Ledok Code Jogjakarta). Andhi Moersid (with his work with the mosque said naum). Joseph Pryotomo (with a variety of writing and books - books that have been published). Hasan Poerbo, Johan Silas, Suswondo, Bismo Sutedjo, Han Awal, and some of the characters - other characters.
It is very encouraging that the architect - the architect Yori Antar easy way and those who joined in the community of young architectural Indonesia (AMI) began to appear pace of thought and ideas that escape from the pressures of ideas - ideas or State Cekokan west.
Realize that the house - traditional houses in
Easy - I hope with the message of this book would be used as a reference that contains the data - the data of traditional architecture Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe, and used as comparative material for enthusiasts with all things traditional to create a more perfect work.
We realize that this treatise certainly no shortage - the lack or weakness, it's like nothing that had cracked ivory. Therefore all the scolds, and critics said the building is our hope for the perfection of writing - writing the next. Our expectations may have successors who will be more talented introduce traditional architecture is Maybrat Imian Sawiat more perfect than the writings of today.
With all humility the writer to offer a sense of deep gratitude - it to:
1. Name of the Lord is enthroned in the tongue and the heart of a child - anaknNya the universe and its creation.
2nd. Principals of traditional architecture Interest Maybrat Imian Sawiat
3. Bpk. Sri as Director of Studies Institute of Papua (LSP) of
4. Bpk. Prof. Dr. Ir. Pendulum Suratno.
5. Bpk. Cornels. F. Sagrim. who had helped us in many studies.
6. Mr. Japheth Naa that had agreed to narrating the history of traditional architectural interest Maybrat, Imian and Sawiat
7. Bpk. Alex Simat that has helped us both in cost and contribution of the mind
8. Bpk. Semuel Saflesa
9. Otis Snanfi, Alberd B Duwit, Roy Kareth, Joash Sagrim, Onesimus Kambu,
Marthen Kambu, Agus Kambuaya, Demianus Saflesa, Albert Safkaur, Enos Sagisolo, Bertho Solossa, Abraham Sraun, Yantho Lilinwelat, Steven Jitmau who have taken the time to encourage us in this book penuliasan, and all my friends - friends of Architecture Students Association International Asia Pacific DIY Indonesia is a lot to give input - input in completing this book.
10. parties - other related parties
PREFACE
Praise to the presence haturkan author of God Almighty, because of his permit writers can finish writing a book entitled: KNOWN TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL INTEREST IMIAN SAWIAT PAPUA MAYBRAT this. It would be useful as a reference which will contain the data - the data of traditional architecture of
Annex Map
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
In many units the surface, sea and inland waters are relatively dominant space with a variety of settlement patterns. Of the many settlements and inland sea waters, one of whom is Maybrat Imian Sawiat Tribe in
Geographically tribes inhabiting the district Maybrat AYAMARU, AITINYO, Aifat. Imian Sawiat tribe living in the district and Teminabuan Sawiat. Distrika AYAMARU, AITINYO, Aifat and Sawiat semulanya including parts of
Residents of this neighborhood is an ethnic consisting of a large tribe of tribes Maybrat, and two children of the tribe Imian, Sawiat and Tehit. Basic livelihood of gardening, fishing and hunting boat with a spear wild binatan, Jubi, Arrow, Parang and Dogs. This tribe as an ethnic majority of Fishermen, farmers and hunters, who have developed farming and hunting their way since a few centuries, so-called human fishermen, farmers and hunters.
As a human being fishermen, farmers and hunters, they do all the activities and spend his life with fishing, farming and hunting. Then, in line with increasing time, the human fisherman - farmers - these hunters stay in a shelter and formed a group of settlements (urban space), but the culture of fishing, farming and hunting are still affecting their lives today.
The success and sustainability of housing is to survive, means have been proven to anticipate climate keterujiannya environment. Reliability residential Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribes and cultural values of society against the influence of climatic environment that indoor thermal comfort can be achieved, and it is necessary to study.
B. ISSUES
Based on the picture has been described in the background, then the problem can be formulated as follows:
1. How does my residential architectural forms Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe of Papua in creating thermal comfort of the building?
2. How does the influence of climate factors on residential thermal comfort Maybrat tribe Imian Sawiat (halite) in coastal and mountainous regions of South Sorong regency and district of Papua Maybrat
3. Redesain development of traditional forms into modern form by keeping the entire flow of art and texture than the traditional architectural interest Maybrat Imian Sawiat.
C. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Departure from the problems that have been disclosed in the description of the background, then the objectives of this study are:
1. To determine the effect of residential architecture Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe of Papua (halite) in creating the building thermal comfort.
2nd. To determine climate factors on residential thermal comfort tribe Maybrat Imian Sawiat South Sorong regency and Maybrat District, Papua.
3. To develop a modern form by maintaining the flow of architectural styles and housing Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe.
D. RESEARCH BENEFITS
All the results obtained from this research study in the form of formulas, proof theory or specific findings are expected to:
- Can contribute to the development of science and can be used for possible further research on ethnic residential Maybrat Imian Sawiat coastal and mountainous areas.
- 2nd. Can provide technical input in the design of residential buildings Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe is in coastal and mountainous regions in responding to the influence of humid tropical climate, so in addition to the technical aspects and can better meet the health requirements, from the social aspects of local culture that can be appropriate and acceptable .
- Can be input to the government and the community in any development activities. Moving the influence of climate in humid tropical regions so that development is always conducted based on environmental factors.
E. RESEARCH SCOPE
Limitations of this study leads to:
- Forms of architecture and thermal comfort.
- 2nd. Climate in humid tropical areas, which affects the thermal comfort of residential Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe.
- Thermal comfort.
- Redesain forms of traditional homes into modern forms.
F. HISTORY
Of origin - his suggestion? The tetuah tribe Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, has hereditary passage about the traditional houses tribe Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat. From the history recounted that the traditional architectural interest Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, was first built by the ancestors of two centuries years ago. Both men are too, and sur, which too is called to the rope and sur-called for the timber. Ceriteranya traditional home of the tribe Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, (halite-bol wofle) constructed by following the way the bird makes its nest (ru chlen habe) which was then common ancestor called 'sur' sat and watched the bird deftly brought branches - branches wood to make a nest in the tree shade, and then came the idea that 'time, it can make a bird house for her and why I do not'? This question arises because of his early life Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, they used the caves as a primary residence.
As long bird watching it (sur) was determined to make a home, then he started cutting down trees for use in a home, after he tried to cut wood for him after he (sur) meletakannya on trees used as koloum with a strong idea that will so he let it go for next lift off again but when it fell, but he tried it again and again until he (sur) trying to climb the tree used to make a nest of birds in order to look closely at how closely sticks to put into strong. When he (sur) climbed the tree and tried many times but the results are not perfect then came his brother named "too" and provide input that you can not just put it that way but must use a rope that I take to be strong, but the proposal was not accepted or sur ignore in the belief that he could build it without a rope (tie). Yet with all sorts of ways with which none are successful then he decided to accept his brother's earlier proposal, and when he used the rope as the binding was successful, then he took his brother (too) that let you both have to make a house for us as bird, sur offer too, showing a bird's nest above the tree branch, and was too menerimany then they both began to make a home for them for the first time. This is where the history of the origins of traditional tribal houses Maybrat Imian Sawiat built.
No one knows for sure where the actual incident where the first (first to make the house), but overall is among the region expressed Maybrat or Imian or Sawiat, but here we can guess the area was Maybrat region, the reason for the name of the originator or creator of house maybrat language so that it can be concluded that the events occurred in the region Maybrat. According to the expression of the elders that traditional houses Maybrat existing Imian Sawiat centuries years ago.
As the story of the house Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, that house commonly called (halite) is built with wood and rattan, which was built in the past several centuries before the Christian gospel in masukknya for Mansinam unite the people who live alone and hostile.
Around several centuries before the Christian gospel in the entry Mansinam, Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe are not familiar with the tribe, or village, but known by clan-Margais-keret that inhabit each area or land on their own ancestral lands. Maybrat people's lives, Imian, Sawiat, at that time was the personal lives of uncompromising, they live based on ego, their minds tend to think about having power over the clan or other keret in a region, the fight to get it, and how as someone who could conquer a keret-clan or clan to clan or clan-keret others.
After entry of the Christian gospel in the island in 1855 with mansinam religion spread more quickly through the region Maybrat Imian Sawiat brought by the evangelists of God, actually Maybrat Imian Sawiat people are familiar with the life of friends. This user-friendly life in the saying that starts from the war itself, which is when one clan could defeat the clan istiri one of the people who killed a wife for him, as well as for children left abandoned by the old people who were killed in the lift as foster care. Children - children in foster care as children of the clan / keret which can not be killed in the change clan / keretnya so that the children or wives of the victims of war as a man who could be able to call their language to their marga-marga/keret-keret who left to gather into one group consisting of two genera, three genera and so forth so much. Unity and kinship of Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, became more intimate when they begin to recognize the education or theology Initiation wiyon-wofle.
Thought Maybrat Imian Sawiat people become more mature with a touch of insight with the introduction of modern literal Christian gospel that teaches you as to require that every human being can not help but to love his enemies, as they had received from wiyon-wofle education, so at that time terbentukklah an association which is known by the name of the village where the village was in headed by a village chief. Entrusted as the mayor is someone who is an honorable man stratanya or so-called 'weight', someone said to weight because it meets the criteria as follows: He was of noble birth, has the right large land area, personality, ability in the world wars, hunting, has a natural strength, has relationships with other village heads, high-minded, capable of doing big parties such as the initiation wiyon-wofle and ready to bear all the issues that made people.
F.1. How to Shelter Family Ancestors Maybrat Imian Sawiat Papua.
Mentioned above that the ancestral home Family Maybrat Imian Sawiat made of wood and rattan. It is justified by the evidence as it is proof - proof of authenticity and called names too (rattan) and sur (wood), and when examined in far backward in the days before people Maybrat Imian Sawiat need a place to stay for themselves and their families cope , either from rain, binantang wild, as well as from the enemy. They inevitably have to think practically in various ways have been passed in order to survive, then the ancient people - people use maybrat imian sawiat caves - caves (Isra) as the home where the cave - the cave was actually more mirib with niche - a niche in rocks that can be used for shelter. Until now the lack of research on the cave - a cave that was used as a place to protect themselves. Besides the cave - the cave, there are unisex items other legacy inherited their fathers who are still stored.
Goods such heritage is: machete 'hlambra', machetes, according The old story that is a gift of nature 'Tagi' and until now was not known who is following the machete maker dragon fangs 'safah', the dragon fangs met in a circle cyrus, and pig tusks 'way', pig tusks formed a C. Heritages is believed to have values very high.
Farokh, a similar function as selokhy the tempayang casting saguer Selokhy beverage is made from wood and colored with earth, charcoal and water after which the color, the colored peg and then dried in the fire which is usually placed above the ridge directly related to air
The heat from the furnace of fire or smoke. After the dry for two to three months, it can be taken selokhy then washed with clean water to be used as a means of pouring drinks. Here are some omissions that are considered as a treasure so precious by the Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, Papua is:
For tribe Maybrat, Imian and Sawiat, heritage - a heritage treasure sacks this fall - traditionally believed to have value - the value of its own. Regarded as the goods - antiquities and is a treasure trove for the goods - the goods are never sold and only obtained from the legacy
Heritage - the legacy of a material - the material completeness of the fashion in decorating the body when attending the ceremony - the ceremony honored. At the time - the previous time, for the tribe Maybrat, Imian and Sawiat, people - people who are eligible to enter the shrine or wiyon traditional school-age wofle on it, either a great teacher (the principal-priest) "Ra bam - na tmah" , teacher assistants "Raa Wyion - Na wofle" and a new student who completed his studies "wyion TNA - na wofle", are required to wear the heritage - the heritage as a fashion or clothing.
traditional clothing of maybrat, imian, sawiat, papua tribe
For a student who has successfully than traditional education, before leaving the room she put on her school clothes - special clothing to indicate that he has passed or the trust people Maybrat, Imian and Sawiat he was a saint (Wiyon-Na Ra wofle), because when a child who is sent to school there, he was required to fast and the food is just sebongkahan taro (ketala) and the drink is sugar cane tops the youngest. Rules are eating once a day and that too when allowed by a professor.
Belief in the traditional education that simply was educated about the so-called natural theology wiyon-wofle, which teaches a belief in it is full of traditional supernatural powers, and to gain strength - the strength, a student will be required to leave even the release of all things related with the idea - the evil thoughts, thought of it - it past that he never laluinya, break away from the flesh (worldly) finite and perfectly willing to submit himself to be educated ririskiky clean. Thus, the student is a student of the sacred and the most precious future. That is a brief introduction about the history of the development of traditional architecture Maybrat Imian Sawiat called 'halite-bol'.
G. DEVELOPMENT OF INTEREST TO STAY HOME MAYBRAT IMIAN SAWIAT
Changes in the form of residential architecture, is because the development, architectural form is not found immediately, but is formed through a process. Ie; process of trying (trial and error) is a form of human intervention in a long time. Because of the complexity linear with time, nowadays it is a continuous interaction between the growing design (growing design) and the environment. The analysis of the development of the home as follows:
1. The first place people Maybrat human Imian Sawiat and generally sheltered from climatic conditions and disorders of the tree beast.
2. Same as above, Cave used as a place to shelter from the natural disturbance outside.
3. The next development was the start he knew a rigid construction of the branches - wooden sticks to form a house or tent.
4. The next development in the stage leaving the house for safety away from the animals and also from the enemy and humidity comfort.
5. The next form is still like shape before, but combined with improving the quality and variety of building elements.
6. The following forms of development and sophistication.
Factors - factors that affect residential Maybrat Traditional Tribe Imian Sawiat (halite), namely:
1. The influence of climate on the building's creation.
2. Environmental invluence situation relating to threats both animals and humans.
3. Religious prohibitions found in the elements - elements and certain spaces.
4. Symbol use, materials: construction and technology as a modifier factor, does not determine the form.
5. The economy does not have a decisive impact of home
6. The influence of religion on the form, design, purpose and orientation, especially the shrine or a traditional school house k'wiyon-bol wofle - tabernacle.
Schematic form of house developments.
structure of traditional living of maybrat, imian, sawiat, tribe
Form and structure of the house Maybrat Imian Traditional Tribe Sawiat is a traditional building which can be used as a mirror to the level of technology, will mirror the lifestyle (wav of life) and the value - the value Maybrat Imian Sawiat Community.
Traditional houses Family Maybrat Imian both structure and Sawiat other materials indicate environmental conditions as well as house building materials from wood, bamboo, and gaba - gaba. Material - this material form or fariasi limit structure, especially when done with simple technology. People - people in the region Maybrat Imian Sawiat Sorong Selatan is also included in the tropical forests, only thinking makes the roof of the house to facilitate the fall of rain. Also found in the swamps - marshes or waters (coastal) who built a house with a tendency to use a high stake in order to avoid the ebb and flow of brackish water (sea water).
G.1. Family Living Architecture Houses Maybrat Imian Sawiat
Ethnic residential Maybrat Imian Sawiat is one of the traditional Living Houses in
In terms of organizational space, houses Family Maybrat Imian Sawiat divided into two main sections namely: isit (porch) and Samu Mato (in space / interior). As for K'wiyon-bol wofle (Holy House / School / camp) has: Bohra wine or creditors called finya (Page Out), credit ra sme (Sacred Space), and samu mbaouw ro mato toni (Glory Room).
Original form of residential Maybrat Imian Sawiat Interest consists of three parts namely: the legs, the body and the head. The foot is Hafot - Sur (Koloum - Pole) and Barit (stairs). Body part is samu mato (in space / interior) as an activity room, kriras (wall). The head of the AFI (roof). Koloum quadrangular and circular-shaped adapula. Round pole. Koloum and pole rests directly on the ground to hang the house built at ground level, whereas the pole resting on a tree body, the house or hanging in a tree house built above the shade tree. Section head or saddle-shaped roof generally, with a slope of 45 °. At the end of the roof is left with a surplus of wood the size of a pig jaws hanging demonstrated the ability to hunt a man - man. In the flow of building a house, building forms in the strata / caste is not highlighted. Traditional Houses Maybrat Imian Sawiat had no windows, but in the space penghawaan, People - Maybrat Imian Sawiat People tend to make ventilase size / lattice - the lattice is very large, uncovered, so that air enters the air can provide a good air comfort.
1. The first phase, they only reside in Bandar tree (fig Mair) and the cave - the cave (Isra). Sometimes the cave - the cave as a place to live in such a long time and sometimes only as a stopover on the way far and in completing the work such as gardening, and hunting. Until the 19th century, these places is very useful, sometimes far caves and bndar
Maybrat Imian Sawiat community build a house with a lack of size but in some ways - some of which is adjusted to the size of materials - building materials like wood. Both walls, stairs, even the height of the building while the roof was measured with a leaf pattern and form of Swastika, which in the language known as Tionghoa latticework. In the bronze age western Europe is also known as the symbol of Swastika circulation main stars and the sun is described as a symbol of the master carrier. The development of residential Maybrat Interest Imian Sawiat through four stages / phases, namely:
1. The first phase, they only reside in Bandar tree (fig Mair) and the cave - the cave (Isra). Sometimes the cave - the cave as a place to live in such a long time and sometimes only as a stopover on the way far and in completing the work such as gardening, and hunting. Until the 19th century, these places is very useful, sometimes far caves and bndar
trees are often used as a temporary haven of Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, in their long journey. For example in the travel distance within 2 days they had to spend the night on the road.
2. Phase two, they began to build homes of high-or over-sized trees - big trees to avoid danger from wild animals, and the enemy. In this phase they have to think about the safety and comfort themselves.
tre house of maybrat, imian, sawiat tribe
3. Third phase, in this phase they are making progress, and can be considered as a phase towards a semi-modern approach. Forms of existing house to match the existing modern house, when viewed in terms of style, but still with the material - natural materials.
traditional archtecture of Maybrat, Imian, Sawiat, Papua Tribe
4. Phase Four, in this phase is the phase that is affected by modernization and teknmologi. The furniture is all modern, and trade had been expanding through and infiltrate into the entire township Maybrat Imian Sawiat in South Sorong Regency and
and its people have become people - people who succeed. For Maybrat Imian Sawiat society, education is very important to them, because education indicates that the future is there.
Residential development Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe can not be separated from the culture that developed in Its people. As a community whose origins known as Fishermen man, farmer and hunter, so if they do not know herang Appabolang culture. Appabolang itself is the factor - factor into consideration Ethnic Communities Maybrat Imian Sawiat to build a house. Factors - these factors is the pattern of life, livelihood, knowledge of the natural environment, religion and belief.
Until now this house pattern tends to persist, but the doubts will keeksistensiannya until 2025 because interest Maybrat Imian Sawiat likely to develop the western architecture rather than their traditional architecture, even as farmers and hunters who are still attached to their culture in maintaining certain values - values and forms - traditional form, because the whole society, nature and buildings have been integrated in the cultural values intact, but only as to know, because until now the tendency of people Maybrat Imian Sawiat in moderenkan expand their traditional architecture is not visible (lack of exploratory).
Please note that the housing Maybrat Imian tribe is located in Palm forest natural area with nature are very hard. In this case can be illustrated that Papua's natural environment in general and housing Maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe known as the full nature of the mountain - mountains, valleys, steep cliffs, forests, bushes and hillsides. This will be a challenge for the home directly related to the homogeneous nature to survive, because in addition to adjusting to the influence of surrounding nature, as well as moisture problems caused by nature. The wind is blowing from the mainland at night can change the temperature becomes very cold air and rainfall of this area occurred during the year. This of course brings its own problems which is very important to note for the gardening farmers and hunters. The success or sustainability of this housing to survive until now, meant to prove that keterujiannya to anticipate climatic conditions of their environment. Ethnic residential toughness Maybrat Imian Sawiat its value - the value of community cultural climate influence the environment through indoor thermal comfort and safety from attack - attack can be achieved, until you feel a need to be maintained and interesting to write about.
CHAPTER II
BUILDING MEANING
Actually building a house is a reflection of various aspects of human life, including among other social, economic, spiritual and cultural. Thus the building is the result of man's own products. Realized that human life with the desire for all things good place to live, food, clothing and the text which is a basic requirement.
Basically the building is held to meet the needs indicated for:
1. Maintaining continuity of life and living.
2. To develop more meaningful life.
3. Making life more comfortable for.
A. HOUSE BUILDING STRUCTURE
Building a house is one of the basic human needs, in addition to clothing, food and the text, the board is also required. People need comfort to himself that he could create everything that meets the need for comfort.
Talking about building a house, means associated with the structure and elements - elements forming the building, therefore incomplete and unclear when it comes to a building structure home without speaking. Building structure, consisting of three main elements namely; Koloum, walls and roof which teruarai as follows:
A. 1. Roof Structure
What is meant by a roof structure, the elements or structure of fittings of a building whose positions are at the top (head) which consists of; the framework of the horses, batten, Rooftop / usuk and roof.
In the majority of tribal house building roof Maybrat Imian Sawiat gable form.
Roof as befits the philosophy of the head or hair of a man who can cut a variety of forms, as well as the roof of a building with a variety of shapes and styles depending on which form or style you want to display. For example display shield roof, gable display, display dome roof, the roof joglo view, or a combination roof view.
A. 2. Wall Structure
The wall is a part of the building elements whose position in the middle (body). The wall consists of the framework, and cover the walls (walls).
In general, the wall materials are in use by the tribe Maybrat Imian Sawiat the building housing them is; Wood Material Leather
Materials Gaba – gaba
bamboo materialsØ Material timberØ
If the philosophy of the human head as the roof, the Philosophy of human body likened to
a building wall, there is space in which residents activities.
A. 3. Structure Koloum
Koloum is the basic structure (feet) of a building which stands as a measure of the formation of a building with space - space. Koloum a position directly related to the foundation, consists of structures and koloum Master koloum Bantu.
A. 4. Interior
The purpose of building a building is to create an activity room and a comfortable refuge space. Interior in terms of English language and (samu mato) Maybrat language, is a space in the building, therefore the interior is one of the elements that created the result that the building formed by the vertical elements (walls) and horizontal elements (floors)
In addition to the head, body and legs, humans also have a heart. liver is one of the important human organs which can give the best and that is not good in consideration of a person's thoughts, as well as space in a building which can hold any secrets either one resident related to a good thing and 'it is not good'.
B. HOUSE BUILDING FUNCTION
Building a house is a human need, which is not only needed only - eyes but in general the building is needed as a place to protect yourself or a modern residential and warehouse. The building also serves as a place to accommodate all things related to the activities and needs of residents who sustained. Special functions in the building will review in detail as follows:
B. 1. Roof Function
Univorum roof is known, is a structure or building element that functions as a protective cover of buildings and comfort to the inhabitants of the sun, rain, wind and impact of climate situation around.
Roof (AFI) in terms of Maybrat Imian Sawiat, required as a successor to the flow of rain and sun blocks into the building (interior).
B. 2. Function Wall
Walls (kriras) is an element of a structure or building is needed. Didinding that the functions form a space, protecting the occupants from wind, and protect the occupants with all the activities taking place in space.
B. 3. Function Koloum
Koloum (hafot) as one of the most important structures or elements in building a building, because in addition to functioning as kloum bearers of the building and all its contents and to channel the load of a building to the ground, koloum structure is also an element which is used as a benchmark or measure in the form a field and a certain room.
For people Maybrat Imian and Sawiat, koloum structures necessary for the formation of a form of buildings and increase the height of the building. Thought they relate to the situation at first - first those whose lives are always at war, so the mix of a dwelling house usually looks very monumental and covered with wood, because it can avoid the enemy attack arrived - arrived outside their capability and preparedness.
B. 4. Function Room in Interior
Interior (samu mato) is central to the sustainability of all activities, therefore the interior has a role and function in a very broad set of buildings.
People Maybrat Imian and Sawiat in essence requires a space for the survival of their activities will, shelter and comfort and survival of their lives.
C. BUILDING MEANING
Buildings or houses in the heart of life maknai as capable of giving a decent life for its inhabitants. The house also suggests the human philosophy, which consists of the head (roof), body (and interior walls) and feet (koloum).
There's a saying in the community that reads "your house, your face, and your soul". From that expression it appears that housing in human life has Maybrat Imian Sawiat the meaning and significance of that is: well-being, personality, and human civility inhabitants (of a society or a nation). Housing is not merely seen as an inanimate object or a means of life alone - the eyes, but more than that, housing is a living process. The presence of humans in creating living space in the natural environment and surrounding communities. Is actually living together, and to the functions of traditional houses Family Maybrat Imian Sawiat is as a place to live in an environment that has the infrastructure and facilities required by them to socialize him. The house is also a means of safety for human beings, peace giver of life, and as a center of cultural life. Inside the house and its surroundings were, formed and evolved into human personality.
Viewed from the function, Traditional house Maybrat Imian Sawiat Tribe also has other functions namely; sosoial functions, economic functions, political functions. As a social function, society Maybrat Imian Sawiat looked at the house as the fulfillment of socio-cultural life in society. In the economic function, the house is a long-term investment that will strengthen livelihood security in front of the masses. And as a political function, the home serves as an indicator of status / bureaucrats in the surrounding community.
Architecture is the embodiment FORM, which was born from the human need to carry container. Architectural work is usually a form of expression, that contain it - something as follows:
Use and Citra In order mentioned is the notion that the house has the use, benefits. The house has the ability / power / life benefits to be more binding. While images, show a picture, the impression of someone on the appreciation of the house. The image has a meaning closer related to the degree of spiritual and human dignity that inhabited the house. For example palaces, crumbling, and so forth image shows the level of human capability.
Symbols cosmological§
Architecture is intended as a symbol of mankind's view of the world. This view changed in accordance with the progress of the times. In the early stages of human nature to feel confined by that formation of architecture appears as a protector of nature. Then it developed with the view that humans are part of nature. Form becomes the personification of nature. Began to familiar with the religion at a later stage, without becoming a symbol of worship of the Almighty (the
Self Orientation§
Orient = age, could be interpreted as the beginning of sunrise to sunset. This brings the notion of an axis direction, namely, the north south. So that the two cross breeds a center. These centers can be regarded as a center of life, hold on. So if there is a center, will certainly lead to different values. Differences in values - values can be based on a priority and not only in the form of a two-dimensional field, but also towards the vertical (three dimensional).
Attitude Mirror Life§
House as a reflection of the attitude of life, being able to show in the way of life. Attitudes may mean Relegius, practical, and so on. An open attitude, not friendly and hospitable nature of the sesame and will appear different from the house where the occupants are being mastered nature (closed)
Traditional Building Family Imian Sawiat includes Maybrat Siwak F - Siwak F as follows:
Being§
Traditional Architecture Maybrat Imian Sawiat embodies a need, which facilitate the activities - activities that residents would occur within.
a. Anatomy
Traditional Architecture Maybrat Imian Sawiat As one of creativity. Form of traditional home Maybrat Imian Sawiat Society in use, where there are rules / arrangements that must be met in order to work.
IdentityØ
Representing the owner, function, location. The building provides an illustration of what is enclosed.
D. FORM - FORM OF INTEREST TO STAY HOME MAYBRAT IMIAN SAWIAT.
Traditional Houses maybrat Imian Sawiat tribe divided into 2 (two) types of flow that house building residential homes with 8 (eight) types of buildings and one (1) Holy house / school, include:
Bhs. ----------- Maybrat Bhs. Sawiat -------- Imian Bhs.
1. Myi halite halite -------- ----------- testicles hanging houses
2nd. Wyan halite halite bol -------- ----------- home garden
3. Samu Kre mabe bol -------- ----------- maternity hospitals
4. Samu ----------- -------- bol main residence
5. Samu snek -------- ----------- stronghold bol
6. Smu mambo -------- ----------- bol a fisherman's house
7. My samu sme nandla -------- ----------- home button bachelorhood (male - male)
8. My samu ano nangli -------- ----------- home button bachelorhood (female)
8. Samu k'wiyon ___ _____ wofle bol shrine / home school
With the data - this data can not be denied that the house is not only just stop there. Because the home was also a need for human life and human beings generally Sawiat especially Maybrat Imian which is very important to serve as a shelter, either from rain, and heat, as they provide themselves with food requirements (food) and clothing (clothing). Why the form of tribal house Maybrat Imian Sawiat not develop? Because of the desire of people growing maybrat imian sawiat people who want to emulate other developing people, they have relationships with other human beings that happen is where information sharing is a great influence on the building that houses traditional style house Maybrat Imian Sawiat decline or tend to hidden, where only built in the township.
The development of traditional tribal houses Maybrat Imian Sawiat development is very slow compared to homes of people in the tribes or other countries. Because of the influence of nature and the environment - a different environment in which to grow the forest - dense forest, rivers flowing to the cold weather, the difficult geographical conditions and trends quickly terpengaruhnya people Maybrat Imian Sawiat of development and modernization of other influences, etc.
D. 1. Specifications Type - Type of Building Rumah Tinggal
a. Halite Myi - Bol halite → House Hanging
Halite myio - bol halite is home hanging, or similar tribal housing Maybrat, Imian and Sawiat first - at first. Type of the house is kind of a monumental building, because the size of a high building in the appeal other buildings. Type of house hanging categorized into two types namely:
1. shape of the building that was built from the ground (soil as a main confluence) in which the overall structure of the long-sized koloum is attached to the ground. Size structure koloum (sur) used in building (halite myio - bol halite) is ± 500cm - 700cm. See the following picture.
Interest Maybrat Imian and Sawiat at first - at first did not recognize the existence of the foundation plate is constant, since most houses are built is the house - the house depending on which would automatically put ompak (including local foundations), as shown above. These tribes knew the type of foundation plate is constantly in the days of Dutch colonial rule. See some pictures attached below:
